Parte integrante do IDOR desde sua fundação, a área de terapia intensiva se concentra em cinco linhas principais de pesquisa: sepse; avaliação de multirresistência de bactérias e outros patógenos; pacientes com câncer e terapia intensiva; neurologia e terapia intensiva; qualidade e eficiência em cuidados intensivos.
A sepse ou infecção generalizada é um dos principais desafios enfrentados nas unidades de terapia intensiva e, no Brasil, é responsável por altas taxas de mortalidade. Por isso, os cientistas do IDOR se dedicam ao estudo das relações entre a sepse e o quadro geral de saúde dos pacientes, investigando que comorbidades podem aumentar o risco de morte por infecção generalizada e como manejar esse risco. A resistência bacteriana é outro tema de destaque, pois constitui um desafio crescente de saúde pública, com impacto no desfecho de pacientes já fragilizados e internados nas UTIs. Cientistas do IDOR investigam o problema por meio da análise do registro de prescrições e dispensação de antibióticos nos hospitais, combinada a dados de microbiologia.
Já a terceira linha de pesquisa, ligada ao atendimento de pacientes oncológicos internados em UTIs, analisou informações de mais de 30 mil pacientes, que possibilitaram aos cientistas observar, entre outras coisas, que os desfechos desses pacientes melhoraram substancialmente nos últimos anos: para pacientes com diferentes tipos de câncer, observou-se uma redução progressiva da mortalidade.
Na área de neurologia e terapia intensiva, um dos principais objetos de pesquisa é o delirium, disfunção cerebral aguda e grave que acomete pacientes internados em UTIs. Desde 2008, a equipe do IDOR estuda o problema e vem desenvolvendo, com a ajuda da inteligência artificial, modelos preditivos para identificar os pacientes com maior risco de apresentar a condição.
Por fim, a quinta linha de pesquisa, que tem como objetivo avaliar o atendimento em serviços de terapia intensiva e propor estratégias para melhoria de sua qualidade, usa grandes quantidades de dados obtidos nos hospitais da RDSL e em instituições parceiras para avaliar como algumas intervenções – por exemplo, protocolos para tratamento de condições frequentes, como a insuficiência respiratória, ou para prevenção de complicações, como infecções hospitalares – podem mudar o desfecho dos pacientes. A partir de informações de 330 mil pacientes de cerca de 100 hospitais, os pesquisadores desenvolvem modelos preditivos capazes de identificar pacientes de alto risco ou auxiliar na reorganização das estruturas das UTIs, com vistas ao aumento da eficiência desses serviços.
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